Marius was killed this week at Copenhagen Zoo (Picture: AFP/Getty) On Sunday, a two-year-old healthy giraffe called Marius was put down by officials at Copenhagen Zoo. Long delivery: The baby giraffe is pictured at just two hours old at Longleat Safari Park in Wiltshire 2 / 8 The baby giraffe made quite an entrance plummeting six feet from its mother onto the ground While a spokesman for the zoo said euthanasia may be considered for the giraffe if a suitable breeding female was offered to it, a spokesman for the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria which administers the European Endangered Species programme (EEP), of which Jyllands is a part, has issued a statement saying no such offer of a female has been made. A post-mortem investigation found that the calf had a twisted gut around a major abdominal artery, the zoo confirmed in a statement on Facebook. This footnote was appended on 14 March. The offspring of social media's favorite giraffe, April, has passed away suddenly at just 18 months old. It was the pet-like status of the dogs that partly fired the demonstrations, and they were indeed lovely animals. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. Azizi was the most recent, and last, calf of April the Giraffe, Adventure Park wrote on Facebook. Today, there is a total of 7 Longleat vouchers and discount deals. I should have felt the same if he had been a cow. Longleat. We conserve pet-like creatures such as Marius because we love them, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Marius, an 18-month-old giraffe, was killed at Copenhagen zoo on Sunday as part of a programme to prevent inbreeding. He said because money from legal hunting helps support the local community, it provides an incentive to make sure big game animals don't become extinct. Booked the VIP Giraffe Feeding Experience at Longleat. The Sun website is regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), Our journalists strive for accuracy but on occasion we make mistakes. Copenhagen Zoo had turned down offers from at least two other zoos to take Marius and an offer from a private individual who wanted to buy the giraffe for 500,000 euros ($680,000). Their large hooves are covered in a thick keratin coating and they use them to kick chasing predators. Hes just a bit of an oddity at the moment.. This is a relatively high-risk procedure in the case of giraffes, as they are liable to break their necks when they fall while sedated. During feeding time, you are able to purchase a branch for 3 and . The controversy was fed further by startling images and video of the process, including a picture of a large chunk of meat with an unmistakably spotty hide being fed to the lions. So female offspring must be removed to prevent inbreeding, and bulls must be removed around the age of 18-24 months to prevent fighting. Merelize Van Der Merwe poses with the heart of a giraffe she cut out of the animal. I suspect that the experience "differed" due to the inclement in . Read about our approach to external linking. Discover short videos related to longleat giraffe on TikTok. It helps increase the knowledge about animals but also the knowledge about life and death. Lawsuits claim it wrecked their teeth. A lot of people who know what happened are very upset and angry.. But to appeal to animal rights seems to demonstrate yet again the hierarchy that we set up in the animal kingdom. Catch up on the developing stories making headlines. Cultural differences in conservation. Each individual giraffe can be identified from its own . Most zoos have a contraceptive programme in place and manage to control populations perfectly well. Voit muuttaa valintojasi milloin tahansa siirtymll yksityisyydenhallinta-asetuksiisi. The zoo has raised him so it is their responsibility to find him a home, no matter how long it takes." They are gently disposed herbivores, and amazingly fast movers. ur attitude towards non-human animals has changed greatly over the past century and a half. A whistleblower told The Mail on Sunday that the lions were injected with a lethal substance from a tranquiliser gun. Janni Ljtved Poulsen, zookeeper at Jyllands Park, said it was not clear when the park would acquire a female giraffe and that the decision on Marius's future would be taken by the breeding programme co-ordinator. On the savannah, Prod Sandoe explained, "many will die young, killed by lions, killed by diseases, killed by accidents, by lack of food". On Sunday morning, shortly after a last meal of his favorite rye bread, an otherwise healthy 18-month-old male giraffe named Marius was killed with a slaughterhouse bolt gun at the Copenhagen Zoo. Ronna McDaniel calls for Republicans not to be 'so vicious and vitriolic' after heated RNC chair reelection battle, and calls for GOP to turn focus on the 'big picture' of defeating Democrats, Why this pro-gun Colorado Democrat thinks he can beat Lauren Boebert in a rematch: Businessman Adam Frisch criticizes his own party for abandoning him and rural Americans - and says Biden's climate policy makes no sense, Tim Scott suggests Biden is 'COMPROMISED' by Beijing and urges Americans to stop buying from China because it is funding their increasingly aggressive behavior, Mexican president sparks social media frenzy by sharing photo of creature he claims is an ELF sitting atop a tree, 'I never really liked him': Father of woman who plunged from penthouse reveals the moment he knew she was murdered by her American sailor husband\, University of North Carolina BANS WOKE: Board of Governors vote to prevent students and staff from being forced to make diversity, equity and inclusion statements, Chicago mayoral favorite Paul Vallas is slammed for liking tweets branding lesbian incumbent Lori Lightfoot 'Larry,' calling her a GNOME and mocking her hairline, Earl Spencer slams 'bizarre' censorship of Roald Dahl's classic books saying it 'cuts out the character' of the 'famously offensive' author, 'Next time you'll lose your wife and children': Listen to chilling phone call to Russian exile who claims his Jeep was sabotaged three times in assassination attempts 'ordered by billionaire Putin loyalist', Madonna's oldest brother Anthony Ciccone dies aged 66: Previously battled alcoholism, lived on streets - and said superstar sibling turned her back on him, Brittney Griner receives standing ovation as she walks out on stage at NAACP awards alongside her wife just over a year after being detained in Russia with WNBA star calling to continue 'fight to bring home every American detained overseas', Michael B. Jordan is the latest American to invest in the Premier League after his team took on the champions and their Abu Dhabi billions, here are the US owners bankrolling virtually half the clubs (with LeBron James even involved! This story has been shared 100,409 times. His loss is absolutely devastating to our team, and he will be loved, missed, and cherished by the global Animal Adventure Park community.. Marius was said to be physically healthy, but the zoo said it followed recommendations, Marius was dissected as part of an educational event, Longleat Safari Park also said that it had destroyed five lions due to "odd aggressive behaviour", At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. They then continue to chew this cud before swallowing it again to continue the digestive process. Males use their strong neck as weapons to fight over females! It is a debatable reason for putting down a lioness and her cubs but until all the details emerge it is difficult to understand their thinking. In one respect, Marius may have been a victim of giraffe-breeding success by European zoos. Bosses at the safari park on the Marquess of Baths Wiltshire estate insist the decision was taken because of health risks after a population increase led to violent behaviour. In the past several years, a contraceptive has been developed that can be injected into females from a distance. "We need to prioritise - wherever possible - individuals who can help safeguard that future over the long term," said the spokesman. Sadly one lion, Henry, had to be put down earlier this year due to injuries from an attack within the enclosure. A further five lions from this enclosure will be moved to other premises. If you or someone you know is a fan of the world's tallest mammals, Longleat cannot offer a more memorable or exciting encounter than their Giraffe VIP Experience. Thank Martin D . What's he waiting for? An adult male called Henry, a lioness named Louisa and. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. His name was Marius. The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, which monitors international standards and of which Copenhagen is a member, said it fully supported the decision of the zoo. Six lions at Longleat Safari Park have been put down, triggering outrage among staff who claim there was no obvious reason for the animals to be killed. Two copies of a gene are inherited - one version from each parent. If we are serious about our breeding activities, including participation in breeding programmes, then we have to follow what we know is right. This was the motive for the euthanasia of Marius the giraffe, whose killing at Copenhagen zoo has caused outrage. Marius, an 18-month-old giraffe, was killed at Copenhagen zoo on Sunday as part of a programme to prevent inbreeding. This week also saw news that five lions were put down at Longleat Safari Park in the UK because of genetic problems caused by inbreeding. The former employee said: I dont think there was a reason to do it. The Conversation UK. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. The lions are one of the biggest attractions at Longleat, which opened in 1966 as Britains first wildlife safari park. Longleat lioness killed 'almost instantly' by lion 4 January Geograph/Robin Drayton File photo of lions relaxing at the park - none of these animals were involved in the New Year's Day attack A. In the 20 years that Kate Humble has visited us this year was the first time that she finally walked with our giraffe on today's Animal Park episode. Fo. A toddler is dead and her mother is in critical condition after being crushed by a giraffe in South Africa. I understand why he had to be shot rather than poisoned. Our attitude towards non-human animals has changed greatly over the past century and a half. "We have to weigh up all the considerations, but we have a limited amount of space in which to conduct this endangered species breeding programme.". If you are a giraffe and your name is Marius, now might be a good time to leave Denmark [see footnote]. Send your story ideas to: bristol@bbc.co.uk, Heatwave reveals 17th Century 'ghost gardens', Poo on menu for Europe's first baby southern koala, Rare red panda cubs welcomed at safari park, 'Devastated' - The Wood Bar forced to leave Victoria Park as council agree new trader, Teenager robbed of mobile phone and cash by armed trio in Melksham, Teen arrested after assaulting police officers in Redhouse, We went in Old Town's Laundry bar ahead of its opening, Police confirm teenage boy arrested for making threats to kill, Call 999 immediately if you see missing vulnerable man with links to Wiltshire, Human error to blame for deadly train crash, says Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Of course, it was the zoo that allowed the lions to breed in the first place. Ostriches mate for life and they share the task of incubating the huge eggs for up to 46 days. Staff at the East Texas Zoo and Gator Park are mourning the unexpected loss of baby Azizi. 0 hours A final option is sending the giraffe to a zoo that doesn't participate in the EAZA-led breeding programme, but that could leave the giraffe or its offspring being sold into worse circumstances, such as those of a circus or private collection. Their stomachs have four compartments to digest their food. Kun napsautat Hyvksy kaikki, hyvksyt sen, ett Yahoo ja kumppanimme ksittelevt henkiltietojasi ja nyttvt evsteiden kaltaisten tekniikoiden avulla sinulle rtlity mainontaa ja sislt sek hydyntvt nit tekniikoita mainosten ja sislln mittaamisessa, kohderyhmtiedoissa ja tuotekehityksess. Spokesman said . "Our aim is to safeguard for future generations a genetically diverse, healthy population of animals against their extinction," it said in a statement. According to EAZA, giraffes born in zoos generally need to be moved away from their family group once they reach sexual maturity. Ho insisted that wildlife tourism is far more beneficial for animals and local communities than trophy hunting. Surplus baby giraffe named Marius killed with a bolt gun at SAS dog in line for 'animal VC' after being kidnapped during King Charles hosts von der Leyen at Windsor Castle, Huge urgent police search for missing baby of Constance Marten, Shocking video shows machete fight in broad daylight, Putin spy plane before being 'destroyed by pro-Ukraine Belarus group', Gabor Mat: No Jewish state without oppressing local population, Amplified jet stream could lead to 'disruptive snow in places', Pupils take to TikTok as they stage protest at Shenfield High School, Dashcam captures moment two cars collide on a roundabout, Putin orders intelligence service to find 'scum' who oppose him, Moment supermarket cashier is attacked at work in New York, Police search allotment sheds for Constance Marten's missing baby, Moment pastor FOILS armed robbery after praying for gunmen. Actress Deborah Messing said she was a "vileheartless, selfish murderer. Sarah McClay was killed by a Sumatran tiger at South Lakes Wild Animal Park in Cumbria, while Rosa King died in 2017 at Hamerton Zoo Park in Cambridgeshire. And this is right.". Email. There is a raised viewing platform where you can be at head height to these incredible giants. The zoo also said that giving Marius contraceptives would have had unwanted side-effects and represented poor animal welfare, and that there was no programme for releasing giraffes into the wild. ", However, Stine Jensen, from Denmark's Organisation against the Suffering of Animals, disagreed: "It shows that a zoo is not the ethical institution that it wants to portray itself as being, because here you have a waste product that being Marius.". Contraception and castration have been raised as possibilities, but both would require sedation. In early summer he was mating with an ostrich called Stacey. An adult male called Henry, a lioness named Louisa and four of her cubs were all put to death last month in an operation supervised by vets. Guernsey-based Mr Knight, whose career has included consultancy work with the World Wildlife Fund and the Born Free Foundation, said: This could be part of a conservation programme. More than 27,000 people around the world signed a petition to save the Copenhagen giraffe, and zoo officials said they had received death threats after the animal was put down, dissected in front of a large crowd and fed to lions. Yet it was in accordance with the agreed policy of many responsible zoos. She soon became part of a new pride and a mother to a litter of cubs as well as a close companion of another first-time mother, Nikata. Some have argued that Marius had a right to life. Please share pic.twitter.com/hSK93DOOaz, "People will say stuff behind a computer screen they'd never say to your face," said Paul Babaz, president of the hunting advocacy group Safari Club International. The Wiltshire park said deaths like this are "very rare but can naturally occur amongst apex (top) predators". GENERAL ENQUIRIES/CUSTOMER SERVICES. View our online Press Pack. This week also saw news that five lions were put down at Longleat Safari Park in the UK because of genetic problems caused by inbreeding. "It's important that we try to explain why we do it and then hope people understand it. "It doesn't affect us in any way. Even those who oppose the use of animals in research are more hostile to the use of primates than of mice. Jyllands Park zoo has not decided whether they would also carry out a public dissection. Longleat 9,358 Reviews #2 of 21 things to do in Warminster Nature & Parks, Sights & Landmarks, More Warminster BA12 7NW, England Save Memorable GROUP Tour of Historical Somerset for up to 42 people 0 reviews Book in advance from 15,384.62 per adult Check availability View full product details grooveriw Isle of Wight, United Kingdom 27 22 This dental device was sold to fix patients' jaws. A post-mortem examination of Marius was broadcast live on the internet. Longleat is a superb day out, and ideal for families with children of all ages. According to the whistleblower, Henry was put down in early January. Photograph: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images. In a statement on the death of Marius the giraffe, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) said it was "extremely saddened to hear the story of this poor giraffe". Longleat: Tufty Tours - Giraffe VIP Experience & Safari Park - See 9,367 traveller reviews, 9,520 candid photos, and great deals for Warminster, UK, at Tripadvisor. ", Human error to blame for deadly train crash, says Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. excellent. The remains of two stunning white giraffes that lived at a Kenyan wildlife sanctuary were found in a skeletal state, rangers at the Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy said on Tuesday. Humans do not regard all animals as equal. In addition the EAZA, which would have to approve euthanasia of the giraffe, has never discussed such a plan with the zoo. "We thought it was amusing that there was another Marius among the giraffes when there aren't that many giraffes in Denmark overall.". I don't think I find this ghoulish on account of Marius's high rank in the animal hierarchy. It remains true that we are the only animals who can stretch our imaginations to embrace the whole world, who can frame and enunciate moral principles and, in particular, can carry out systematic, impersonal science. Few, except perhaps some Buddhists, hesitate to put down slug pellets among their cabbages; and the very word "vermin" suggests that there is a scale with a bottom end. The zoo says this was done because the genes of the giraffe, named Marius, were too similar to those of other giraffes in a breeding programme run by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). They chew up and swallow the leaves, which form a ball and travel back up the throat. Her name is Tess Thompson Talley. ), 'You should absolutely be racist': Dilbert creator defends bigoted rant and invokes Mike Pence to argue racism is OK in situations - as newspapers cancel comic strip after he labeled black people a 'hate group', The 10 tell-tale signs of 'toxic positivity' and why people who insist on forever looking on the bright side can be the WORST office colleagues. Wild Things The Real Reason Copenhagen Zoo Euthanized a Giraffe: Parenthood By Robert Young Feb 11,. AN ostrich was set to be removed from a safari park - because he thinks hes a zebra. A Longleat spokesman said last night: There has been a large increase in pregnancies among the lions, resulting in a 40 per cent increase in population. We can't all of a sudden change to something we know is worse because of some emotional events happening around us. Animal experts say ostriches have poor senses of hearing and smell while zebras have bad eyesight - so they compliment each other in the wild. A young bull could theoretically be sent to an all-female group as stud, but experts prefer a larger, more mature male for that, and Marius didn't fit that bill. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. We know that Azizis passing could not have been predicted nor prevented, the Animal Adventure Park posted on Facebook. That's because breeding groups in zoos are made up of a single bull together with a group of females. "But in no way is it an official name it has been given.". A zoo in Denmark that provoked outrage after putting down a healthy giraffe has killed a family of four lions to make way for a new young male lion. Our promise to you. It was Darwin who closed the gap between humans and the rest of nature. Boasting animals, Elizabethan architecture, 900 acres of parkland, and easy access from the A350, A36 and A361 Longleat truly is the perfect choice for a day out. Even though the giraffe in this case was not world famous like Cecil, the response from animal lovers is just as intense. She also . Longleat Longleat 9,239 Reviews #2 of 20 things to do in Warminster Sights & Landmarks, Nature & Parks, More Warminster BA12 7NW, England Save Memorable GROUP Tour of Historical Somerset for up to 42 people 0 reviews Book in advance from $18,509.58 per adult Check availability View full product details grooveriw Isle of Wight, United Kingdom 27 22 The animal was killed. He said all alternatives were looked at, but none were found to be viable, describing euthanising animals as a "last resort". . The VIP Giraffe feeding experience at Longleat Safari Park in. The comments below have been moderated in advance. Longleat Longleat 9,365 Reviews #2 of 21 things to do in Warminster Nature & Parks, Sights & Landmarks, More Warminster BA12 7NW, England Save Memorable GROUP Tour of Historical Somerset for up to 42 people 0 reviews Book in advance from 15,384.62 per adult Check availability View full product details Lisano8 Scotland, United Kingdom 34 23 By Martin Delgado for The Mail on Sunday and Nick Constable for The Mail on Sunday, Published: 17:42 EST, 8 February 2014 | Updated: 10:22 EST, 9 February 2014. First published on July 3, 2018 / 7:45 AM. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. The reaction to the euthanasia of Marius the giraffe at Copenhagen Zoo has highlighted cultural differences in . It added that zoo animals were very rarely killed for conservation management, but almost always because of ill health. It said keepers were immediately on the scene on New Year's Day, but the attack happened "incredibly quickly, with the lioness dying almost instantly". He had been vasectomised so he couldnt breed. Apart from health problems, I cant think of any other reason why a lion like Louisa would have to be put down. "What a shame another home could not be found for him, especially as it sounds as if there were suitable offers.". Jyllands Park zoo says it may kill male giraffe to make way for female, days after death at Copenhagen zoo sparked outcry, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Copenhagen zoo's giraffe named Marius, before he was killed, dissected and eaten by lions. A lioness was killed "almost instantly" after being attacked by another lion at Longleat Safari Park. A spokesman for EAZA stressed that, as an individual, Marius was not particularly inbred, nor was the giraffe suffering from any identifiable health problem. We name our children and our pets and we love them both. "But in the past several years zoo breeding programmes have produced enough of some sub-species.". He spends all his time with the zebra herd and they love him being around. It's one of life's must-do experiences! Copenhagen zoo's silence was more surprising because Yorkshire's head of hoofed animals is Danish, and the YWP has already taken a young male giraffe from the Danish zoo. "A young bull could theoretically be sent to an all-female group as stud, but experts prefer a larger, more mature male for that, and Marius didn't fit that bill. Longleat would not take such a decision lightly because they know how much it would upset their keepers.. But it was a justification for killing animals for food, using their skins for clothing, hunting them for fun or keeping them as domestic pets. We do not regard all animals as equal. And we want that to be as long as possible not, I think, or not only, so that our children's children can have the pleasure of seeing giraffes, but out of a kind of humility. Mice in laboratories are unlikely to be given names, and the naming of Marius is significant. A Noahs Ark Zoo spokesman said yesterday: We have been told nothing. This little fella fancied a ride on our . The death of Marius, an 18-month-old giraffe considered useless for breeding because his genes were too common, was followed by his dissection in front of a large crowd, including fascinated-looking children, prompting outrage and protests around the world. Date of experience: August 2021. "We have been very steadfast because we know we've made this decision on a factual and proper basis. Zoos could design new giraffe facilities, but many don't have that option. One of the YWP giraffes is Palle, who came from Copenhagen zoo in September 2012, when he was the same age as Marius," the statement said. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. ", White american savage who is partly a neanderthal comes to Africa and shoot down a very rare black giraffe coutrsey of South Africa stupidity. "She was hunting in South Africa and giraffes are legal to hunt in South Africa. She said, "This is called conservation through game management . A juvenile giraffe at Louisiana's Global Wildlife Center, named Dusty, was killed after lightning struck a nearby tree. It's a subspecies whose population is actually up 167 percent since 1979 to more than 21,000, but the giraffe population overall has declined as much as 40 percent. The confused creature has ruffled feathers at Longleat Safari Park, Wiltshire, by throwing its breeding scheme into doubt by neglecting his egg-sitting duties. And now that we know exactly how much of our DNA we share, not only with the great apes, but also with other animals less like us in their appearance and behaviour, it is impossible to continue to treat human beings as a race apart. This means we would lose vital animals in terms of breeding. According to Babaz, the trophy fee for a giraffe is about $2,000 to $3,000 per animal. As long as the Judeo-Christian tradition prevailed, even if not everyone believed the biblical account of the Creation to be strictly true, it was still a true myth, showing that other animals were brought into the world to be useful to man, and subject to man's dominion. Address: The Estate Office, Longleat, u0003Warminster, Wiltshire, BA12 7NW. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Do not sell or share my personal information. We love giraffes. Follow BBC West on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Longleat lions destroyed after rise in pregnancies. There is a further question for philosophers. Only a human being could set up a zoo, and only human beings could pursue a pan-European policy of conserving a species of animal by ensuring a variety of genes and not allowing it to be endangered by inbreeding. Read about our approach to external linking. "U.S. imports, you know, almost 4,000 giraffe trophies for the last 10 years," Ho said. So why the fuss? Another big cat expert, Andrew Greenwood of the International Zoo Vet Group, said zoos did need to restrict breeding. But it is important not to exaggerate this coming together. "If you take away their ability to procreate, you are taking away even more of their natural life. Review of Longleat. At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Zoo says it tried to move two of the four lions elsewhere, but "there wasn't any interest" Bengt Holst, Copenhagen Zoo's scientific director, said it had turned down an offer from Yorkshire Wildlife Park in the UK, which is a member of EAZA, because Marius' older brother lives there and the park's space could be better used by a "genetically more valuable giraffe". Jyllands Park zoo, in western Denmark, currently has two male giraffes, but has been approved to participate in the European breeding programme. Louisa arrived in 2011 from her previous home at Noahs Ark Zoo Farm at Wraxall in Somerset. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. "YWP has a state-of-the-art giraffe house built in 2012 with a bachelor herd of four male giraffes and the capacity to take an extra male, subject to the agreement of the European stud book keeper. He is regularly seen running and playing with the other zebra and appears to eat grass and even swoosh his phantom tail. This was never a justification for cruelty, the deliberate causing of pain to animals: Shakespeare knew that only wanton boys pulled the wings off flies. Flightless bird Blue has buried his head in the sand over breeding duties after identifying as one of the striped herd. Long ago, when I was chairing a Home Office committee on laboratory animals, there was a huge protest against the use of beagles to inhale tobacco. This situation is being compared to Cecil the lion, the iconic big cat hunted down by a Minnesota dentist in 2015, reports CBS News' David Begnaud. The reason given was that his genes were . This review is the . Thorn very recently turned 22, which makes him the oldest male giraffe in the UK. Tietoja laitteestasi ja Internet-yhteydest (esimerkiksi IP-osoitteesi), Selaaminen ja hakutoiminnot Yahoon verkkosivustojen ja -sovellusten kytn aikana.