4 Units. Identify two social science issues related to education. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). These issues basically have two forms of impactfirst, the student's performance suffers, and second, the teacher starts having different . Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. Want to create or adapt books like this? Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. McGovern, G. (2011). As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. First, the defense industry is very effective at lobbying Congress for increased military spending, with the cozy relationship among members of the military-industrial complex helping to ensure the effectiveness of this lobbying. When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. Prompt: During the first week of the . Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. All these killings were outright slaughter. Identify two social science issues related to education. Health care expenses for survivors amount to almost $1 billion annually, and the cost of prosecution amounts to $19 million annually (Stalsburg, 2011). In these surveys, between 10 percent and 33 percent of women report being raped (including attempts) while they were serving in the military. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. (2012). List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? As one business writer put it, Collectively, it is our patriotic responsibility to help our nations servicemen and women thrive in todays economy (Gerber, 2012). Harrison, T. (2012). One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. Retrieved from https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. Levy, J. S., & Thompson, W. R. (2010). War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. Herdy, A., & Moffeit, M. (2004). Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. The article presents major trends and turning points in the growth of five social science disciplines in the country: anthropology, economics, political science, psychology and sociology. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Key features include: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. A related problem is suicide. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). As a reminder, the social science principles we focus on in this course are social roles, social institutions, social norms, and beliefs and values. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. Tirman, J. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). The deaths of others: The fate of civilians in Americas wars. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Public, private organizations work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. Voice of America News. Families go through savings and older parents dip into retirement funds (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. Advertisement capkay1505 nvm pretend u didn't see Advertisement As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. An ongoing Gallup poll asks Americans to rate the most important problems and social issues facing the country. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. Where your income tax money really goes. What it means to be a democrat. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). The Washington Post, p. B01. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. (2011). US Census Bureau. One teenager recalled the tensions that arose when his father was in Iraq: I was in eighth grade when my dad deployed to Iraq. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . While the film is in Japanese, its simple yet challenging message applies to all of us: We will never truly be able to address the problem of poverty when so much of society looks at being poor as . Rafter, N. H. (1990). These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. Introduction. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Bangor Daily News. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. Washington, DC: Author. The geopolitical nuclear landscape . New York, NY: Penguin. Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. It . Stopping Americas most lethal export. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. (1971). Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. Epistemologically, scientific realism is (say, mainly) based on the idea that we generate theoretical entities to understand, describe, and discover a structure . Quality and affordable writing services. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. Danner, M. (2006). At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Dont blame the caveman. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . . (2011). War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. (2012). Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. Identify two social science issues related to war. I think it partly reflects a better understanding of the problems that led to war. Ashton, A. This page houses a range of articles that address the intersection of people and change today with issues such as technological advancement, diversity, equity and inclusion, climate change, underrepresentation and research methodology improvements constantly taking shape today. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. Choose one of the five social institutions. Are we giant suckers? History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). One of the many sad truisms of war is that its impact on a society is greatest when the war takes place within the societys boundaries. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Shaping in Strategic Competition: How to Win Friends and Influence People with Military Power Kyle Atwell | 02.06.23 San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. US veterans: By the numbers. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. . They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. For exam View the full answer Previous question Next question It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. The social sciences are primarily academic enterprises, more so than either the biological or physical sciences, and the academic portion of the discipline is not only overwhelmingly larger than other sectors but also overpoweringly more prestigious. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Where do our income tax dollars go. Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. Ledbetter, J. 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. (2012, February 17). The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. Explain your answer. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. WAR AND RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 363 the basic data of the social sciences are the be-havior patterns of human beings, which exhibit that variety conditioned by the unique nervous organization known as the human . Slate. The following are common examples of a social issue. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. (2012). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. The European nations decisions to limit their military spending allows more spending for social needs. Second, the government states that defense outlays accounted for almost 20 percent of federal spending in 2011 (US Census Bureau, 2012). Third, and helping to explain the success of this lobbying, military spending provides jobs and income to the home districts of members of Congress. Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). A.I.D.E. The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. In another example, the Navy is designing a new series of nuclear submarines, with construction planned to start in 2019. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. McKeon, H. P. B. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. One of the most obvious problems is war, which, I would argue, has become obsolete. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. (2011). I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Do you think the US military budget should be increased, be reduced, or stay about the same? Identify two social science issues related to education. International relations debates have become increasingly dominated by structural theories since Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. published their institutional argument in Power and Interdependence (1977). Question. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. We both wound up suspended for that one (Ashton, 2011). They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Wells, T. (1994). As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. Dao, J. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). 7 answers. Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Time. Shusman, B. Victims of military rape deserve justice. Identify two social science issues related to war. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Union of Concerned Scientists. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). Impact of Social Issues in Education. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. ABSTRACT This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century wasand was nota creature of the Cold War. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. (2011, June 17). ABC News. Theme: Exploring Social Science Issues, learning block 1-1 (page 4) Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. 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